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There is clearly a retention issue in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) for underrepresented groups (Estrada et al., 2016; Sithole et al., 2017). Although students leave STEM for many reasons (Bonous-Harmmath, 2000; Estrada et al., 2016; Gasiewski et al., 2012; Hurtado et al. 2011), one underlying and well documented cause is lack of attention to effective mentoring and student well-being, especially in graduate school (Becker et al., 2002). The paper presents a National Science Foundation sponsored mentoring program that prepares graduate students to become effective mentors while simultaneously providing them the necessary tools to advocate for themselves as mentees. In addition to mentoring, the program emphasizes the importance of mental and physical well-being. Evaluation results conclude that the program has improved students' sense of belonging on campus and provided them with support for navigating graduate school and socializing into careers. 

With billions of active social media accounts and millions of live video cameras, live new big data offer many opportunities for smart applications. However, the main consumers of the new big data have been humans. We envision the research on live knowledge, to automatically acquire real-time, validated, and actionable information. Live knowledge presents two significant and diverging technical challenges: big noise and concept drift. We describe the EBKA (evidence-based knowledge acquisition) approach, illustrated by the LITMUS landslide information system. LITMUS achieves both high accuracy and wide coverage, demonstrating the feasibility and promise of EBKA approach to achieve live knowledge. 

NORTH AMERICA’S LARGEST EARTHQUAKES and most powerful volcanic eruptions occur along the Alaska Peninsula subduction zone, a meeting of two tectonic plates that sweeps an arc across the North Pacific margin between Alaska and Russia. However, studies that would help us understand these hazards are few and far between in this remote, sparsely populated region. A major new shoreline- crossing community seismic experiment spans the Alaska Peninsula subduction zone, with the intention of filling gaps in our knowledge of this region. Information that we collect along this margin can provide direct information about many first- order questions about subduction zone processes that influence earthquakes and volcanism. 

Abstract Seafloor pressure sensor data is emerging as a promising approach to resolve vertical displacement of the seafloor in the offshore reaches of subduction zones, particularly in response to slow slip events (SSEs), although such signals are challenging to resolve due to sensor drift and oceanographic signals. Constraining offshore SSE slip distribution is of key importance to understanding earthquake and tsunami hazards posed by subduction zones. We processed seafloor pressure data from January to October 2019 acquired at the Hikurangi subduction zone, offshore New Zealand, to estimate vertical displacement associated with a large SSE that occurred beneath the seafloor array. The experiment included three self‐calibrating sensors designed to remove sensor drift, which, together with ocean general circulation models, were essential to the identification and correction of long‐period ocean variability remaining in the data after applying traditional processing techniques. We estimate that long‐period oceanographic signals that were not synchronous between pressure sensors and reference sites influenced our inferred displacements by 0.3–2.6 cm, suggesting that regionally deployed reference sites alone may not provide sufficient ocean noise correction. After incorporating long‐period ocean variability corrections into the processing, we calculate 1.0–3.3 cm of uplift during the SSE offshore Gisborne at northern Hikurangi, and 1.1–2.7 cm of uplift offshore the Hawke's Bay area at central Hikurangi. Some Hawke Bay displacements detected by pressure sensors near the trench were delayed by 6 weeks compared to the timing of slip onset detected by onshore Global Navigation Satellite System sites, suggesting updip migration of the SSE. 

A<sc>bstract</sc> Differential cross sections for top quark pair ($$ \textrm{t}\overline{\textrm{t}} $$ $t\overline{t}$) production are measured in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV using a sample of events containing two oppositely charged leptons. The data were recorded with the CMS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb⁻¹. The differential cross sections are measured as functions of kinematic observables of the$$ \textrm{t}\overline{\textrm{t}} $$ $t\overline{t}$system, the top quark and antiquark and their decay products, as well as of the number of additional jets in the event. The results are presented as functions of up to three variables and are corrected to the parton and particle levels. When compared to standard model predictions based on quantum chromodynamics at different levels of accuracy, it is found that the calculations do not always describe the observed data. The deviations are found to be largest for the multi-differential cross sections. 

A<sc>bstract</sc> A search is presented for the resonant production of a pair of standard model-like Higgs bosons using data from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in 2016–2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb⁻¹. The final state consists of two b quark-antiquark pairs. The search is conducted in the region of phase space where at least one of the pairs is highly Lorentz-boosted and is reconstructed as a single large-area jet. The other pair may be either similarly merged or resolved, the latter reconstructed using two b-tagged jets. The data are found to be consistent with standard model processes and are interpreted as 95% confidence level upper limits on the product of the cross sections and the branching fractions of the spin-0 radion and the spin-2 bulk graviton that arise in warped extradimensional models. The limits set are in the range 9.74–0.29 fb and 4.94–0.19 fb for a narrow radion and a graviton, respectively, with masses between 1 and 3 TeV. For a radion and for a bulk graviton with widths 10% of their masses, the limits are in the range 12.5–0.35 fb and 8.23–0.23 fb, respectively, for the same masses. These limits result in the exclusion of a narrow-width graviton with a mass below 1.2 TeV, and of narrow and 10%-width radions with masses below 2.6, and 2.9 TeV, respectively. 

A<sc>bstract</sc> Measurements of the charge-dependent two-particle angular correlation function in proton-lead (pPb) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of$$ \sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} $$ $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$= 8.16 TeV and lead-lead (PbPb) collisions at$$ \sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} $$ $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$= 5.02 TeV are reported. The pPb and PbPb data sets correspond to integrated luminosities of 186 nb⁻¹and 0.607 nb⁻¹, respectively, and were collected using the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The charge-dependent correlations are characterized by balance functions of same- and opposite-sign particle pairs. The balance functions, which contain information about the creation time of charged particle pairs and the development of collectivity, are studied as functions of relative pseudorapidity (∆η) and relative azimuthal angle (∆ϕ), for various multiplicity and transverse momentum (p_T) intervals. A multiplicity dependence of the balance function is observed in ∆ηand ∆ϕfor both systems. The width of the balance functions decreases towards high-multiplicity collisions in the momentum region<2 GeV, for pPb and PbPb results. Integrals of the balance functions are presented in both systems, and a mild dependence of the charge-balancing fractions on multiplicity is observed. No multiplicity dependence is observed at higher transverse momentum. The data are compared withhydjet,hijing, andamptgenerator predictions, none of which capture completely the multiplicity dependence seen in the data. The comparison of results with different center-of-mass energies suggests that the balance functions become narrower at higher energies, which is consistent with the idea of delayed hadronization and the effect of radial flow. 

The production of $\mathrm{\Upsilon }\left(2S\right)$and $\mathrm{\Upsilon }\left(3S\right)$mesons in lead-lead (Pb-Pb) and proton-proton ( $pp$) collisions is studied in their dimuon decay channel using the CMS detector at the LHC. The $\mathrm{\Upsilon }\left(3S\right)$meson is observed for the first time in Pb-Pb collisions, with a significance above 5 standard deviations. The ratios of yields measured in Pb-Pb and $pp$collisions are reported for both the $\mathrm{\Upsilon }\left(2S\right)$and $\mathrm{\Upsilon }\left(3S\right)$mesons, as functions of transverse momentum and Pb-Pb collision centrality. These ratios, when appropriately scaled, are significantly less than unity, indicating a suppression of $\mathrm{\Upsilon }$yields in Pb-Pb collisions. This suppression increases from peripheral to central Pb-Pb collisions. Furthermore, the suppression is stronger for $\mathrm{\Upsilon }\left(3S\right)$mesons compared to $\mathrm{\Upsilon }\left(2S\right)$mesons, extending the pattern of sequential suppression of quarkonium states in nuclear collisions previously seen for the $J/\psi$, $\psi \left(2S\right)$, $\mathrm{\Upsilon }\left(1S\right)$, and $\mathrm{\Upsilon }\left(2S\right)$mesons. © 2024 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration2024CERN 

A search for beyond the standard model spin-0 bosons, $\varphi$, that decay into pairs of electrons, muons, or tau leptons is presented. The search targets the associated production of such bosons with a $W$or $Z$gauge boson, or a top quark-antiquark pair, and uses events with three or four charged leptons, including hadronically decaying tau leptons. The proton-proton collision data set used in the analysis was collected at the LHC from 2016 to 2018 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $138{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$. The observations are consistent with the predictions from standard model processes. Upper limits are placed on the product of cross sections and branching fractions of such new particles over the mass range of 15 to 350 GeV with scalar, pseudoscalar, or Higgs-boson-like couplings, as well as on the product of coupling parameters and branching fractions. Several model-dependent exclusion limits are also presented. For a Higgs-boson-like $\varphi$model, limits are set on the mixing angle of the Higgs boson with the $\varphi$boson. For the associated production of a $\varphi$boson with a top quark-antiquark pair, limits are set on the coupling to top quarks. Finally, limits are set for the first time on a fermiophilic dilaton-like model with scalar couplings and a fermiophilic axion-like model with pseudoscalar couplings. © 2024 CERN, for the CMS Collaboration2024CERN